Development of a Student-centred Approach for Alternative Teaching Method Incorporating Human Palpation as Pedagogy Tools in Anatomy Education of the Appendicular System

Gan QF; Yu CW; Alkharji H; foo CN

Original Article Published on 14 Mar, 2024

Development of a Student-centred Approach for Alternative Teaching Method Incorporating Human Palpation as Pedagogy Tools in Anatomy Education of the Appendicular System

Anatomy Education

Vol. 19 No. 1 : 2024 (99-113)

Gan QF

Yu CW

Alkharji H

foo CN

Abstract

Anatomy is one of the most important subjects for medical and health science students offered during pre-clinical years. A good knowledge in human anatomy determines their competency in the future. Unfortunately, memorising anatomy can be relatively challenging especially for junior students since they are not exposed to the nomenclature. Therefore, this study aimed to design and develop an anatomy curriculum to assist students in knowledge retention and translation into clinical settings. The development of this module was based on social cognitive theory (SCT) according to A-Analysis, D-Design, D-Develop approach which was adopted from A-Analysis, D-Design, D-Develop, I-Implement, E-Evaluate (ADDIE) Model, together with the content experts. Due to the concern of comprehending and practically applying anatomical knowledge, and short attention spans of students, the module was designed to alternate between lectures and practical sessions to maximise knowledge retention. The main focus on this curriculum module was on the gross anatomy of the appendicular system and ends with students being required to palpate and compare the differences between normal and pathological structures of the appendicular system. This curriculum effectively addressed the issue of short attention spans by incorporating hands-on experiences, and engaging students in tactile learning that enhanced focus and engagement.

Keywords : Development, education, human palpation,

Abstrak

Anatomi adalah salah satu mata pelajaran yang penting untuk pelajar perubatan dan sains kesihatan yang ditawarkan semasa tahun pra-klinikal. Pengetahuan yang baik dalam anatomi manusia menentukan kecekapan mereka pada masa hadapan. Malangnya, menghafal anatomi adalah mencabar terutamanya bagi pelajar junior kerana mereka tidak terdedah kepada tata-namanya. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mereka bentuk dan membangunkan kurikulum anatomi untuk membantu pelajar dalam pengekalan pengetahuan dan menterjemahkannya ke dalam fasa klinikal pendidikan. Pembangunan modul ini adalah berdasarkan teori kognitif sosial (SCT) mengikut pendekatan A-Analisis, D-Mereka bentuk, D-Membangunkan yang berasal daripada A-Analisis, D-Mereka bentuk, D-Membangunkan, I-Melaksanakan, E-Menilai (ADDIE) model bersama-sama dengan pakar kandungan. Disebabkan keprihatinan untuk memahami dan menggunakan pengetahuan anatomi secara praktikal, dan jarak perhatian pelajar yang singkat, modul ini direka bentuk bagi saling berganti antara kuliah dan sesi praktikal untuk memaksimakan pengekalan pengetahuan. Tumpuan utama pada modul kurikulum ini adalah pada anatomi kasar sistem apendikular dan berakhir dengan pelajar dikehendaki menyentuh dan membandingkan perbezaan antara struktur normal dan patologi sistem apendikular. Kurikulum ini berkesan dalam menangani isu perhatian yang singkat dengan menggabungkan pengalaman praktikal, dan melibatkan pelajar dalam pembelajaran sentuhan yang meningkatkan tumpuan dan penglibatan.

Kata Kunci : Palpasi manusia, pembentukan, pendidikan,

Correspondance Address

Foo, Chai Nien. Department of Population Medicine, M. Kandiah Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. Tel: +6012 316 7252; Email: foocn@utar.edu.my

References

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Kumar, S.S., Bhattacharjee, B. 2014. Towards student retention: Role of educational administrator, Faculty and student. Asian J Manag 5(2): 205-7.

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Scibora, L.M., Mead, T.P., Larson, C. 2018. The influence of ipads on course performance and student perceptions of learning in human anatomy. J Teach Learning Technol 7(1): 108-24.

Sharma, A., Swarup, K.S. 2017. Student engagement and its effect on student’s growth and performance being a consumer of educational institutions and facilitating holistic learning in India. Asian J Manag 8(3): 645-56.

Sharma,, R.K., Gulela, M.H. 2014. Problem based learning in nursing: A new approach of active learning. Int J Nurs Educ Res 2(1): 16-8.

Shaw, S.J. 2017. Locating difficult veins for venepuncture and cannulation. Nurs Stand 31(25): 62-71.

Thejeswar, E.P. 2015. Educational research-iPad system vs textbook system. Research J Pharm Technol 8(8): 1158-60.

van Loon, F.H.J., Buise, M.P., Claassen, J.J.F., Dierick-van Daele, A.T.M., Bouwman, A.R. A. 2018. Comparison of ultrasound guidance with palpation and direct visualisation for peripheral vein cannulation in adult patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth 121(2): 358-66.

Correspondance Address

Agrawal, V., Kushwaha, V.S. 2012. Creative and innovative good practices in compulsory education. Asian J Manag 3(2): 114-6.

Asadipour, A., Debattista, K., Patel, V., Chalmers, A. 2020. A technology-aided multi-modal training approach to assist abdominal palpation training and its assessment in medical education. Int J Hum Comput Stud 137: 1-17.

Bandura, A. 1988. Organisational application of social cognitive theory. Australian J Manag 13(2): 275-302.

Bergman, E.M., de Bruin, A.B., Herrler, A., Verheijen, I.W., Scherpbier, A.J., Van Der Vleuten, C.P. 2013. Students’ perceptions of anatomy across the undergraduate problem-based learning medical curriculum: A phenomenographical study. BMC Med Educ 13: 152.

Chang, S., Zhu, N. 2018. 5:20:20:5 efficiency. PUPIL: Int J Teach Educ Learn 2(2), 12-9.

Chinnah, T.I., De Bere, S.R., Collett, T. 2011. Students’ views on the impact of peer physical examination and palpation as a pedagogic tool for teaching and learning living human anatomy. Med Teach 33(1): e27-36.

Cotter, J.R., Cohan, C.S. 2010. The Timing, format and role of anatomical sciences in medical education. Int Assoc Med Sci Educ 20(3): 276-9.

Darras, K.E., de Bruin, A.B.H., Nicolaou, S., Dahlström, N., Persson, A., van Merriënboer, J., Forster, B.B. 2018. Is there a superior simulator for human anatomy education? How virtual dissection can overcome the anatomic and pedagogic limitations of cadaveric dissection. Med Teach 40(7): 752-3.

Denneny, D., Petersen, K., Mcloughlin, R., Brook, S., Hassan, S., Williams, A.C.D.C. 2017. Trigger point manual therapy for the treatment of chronic non-cancer pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017(5): CD011763.

Estai, M., Bunt, S. 2016. Best teaching practices in anatomy education: A critical review. Ann Anat 208: 151-7.

Granados, A., Low-Beer, N., Higham, J., Kneebone, R., Bello, F. 2018. Real-time visualization and analysis of clinicians’ performance during palpation in physical examinations. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 65(9): 2042-51.

Greenhill, D.A., Wissinger, K., Trionfo, A., Solarz, M., Kozin, S.H., Zlotolow, D.A. 2018. External rotation predicts outcomes after closed glenohumeral joint reduction with botulinum toxin type a in brachial plexus birth palsy. J Pediatr Orthop 38(1): 32-7.

Julie, D. 2011. Design for How People Learn. Berkeley: New Riders Pub.

Kennel, L., Martin, D.M.A., Shaw, H., Wilkinson, T. 2018. Learning anatomy through Thiel- vs. formalin-embalmed cadavers: Student perceptions of embalming methods and effect on functional anatomy knowledge. Anat Sci Educ 11(2): 166-74.

Kumar, S.S., Bhattacharjee, B. 2014. Towards student retention: Role of educational administrator, Faculty and student. Asian J Manag 5(2): 205-7.

Latiff, A., Kamarzaman, S., Manan, N., Rampal, K., Muniandy, B. 2019. Students’ perception on anatomy education in Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences, Malaysia. J Anat Soc India 68(2): 163-73.

Lazarus, L., Sookrajh, R., Satyapal, K.S. 2017. Tablet technology in medical education in South Africa: A mixed methods study. BMJ Open 7(7): e013871.

Marteau, P., Cornec, D., Gouillou, M., Jousse-Joulin, S., Guellec, D., Costa, S., Marhadour, T., Carvajal Alegria, G., Varache, S., Gauvin, Y., Boisramé, S., Le Pottier, L., Renaudineau, Y., Pers, J.O., Saraux, A., Devauchelle-Pensec, V. 2019. Assessment of major salivary gland size in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: Comparison between clinical examination and ultrasonography. Joint Bone Spine 86(5): 627-32.

Mohd, F., Wan Yahya, W. F. F. A., Ismail, S., Jalil, M. A., Noor, N.M.M. 2019. An architecture of decision support system for visual-auditory-kinesthetic (VAK) learning styles detection through behavioral modelling. Int J Innov Enterp Syst 3(02): 24-30.

Muniyandi. S. 2019. Integrated teaching of health professional education. Int Journal Nurs Educ Res 7(3): 425-8.

Narula, J., Chandrashekhar, Y., Braunwald, E. 2018. Time to add a fifth pillar to bedside physical examination: Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation, and insonation. JAMA Cardiol 3(4): 346-50.

Rahman, A., Budiyanto, U. 2019. Case based reasoning adaptive e-learning system based on visual-auditory-kinesthetic learning styles. In Proceeding of International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Informatics: 18-20 Sept 2019, Bandung; 177-82.

Rajiah, K. 2018. Technology enhanced collaborative learning in small group teaching sessions using padlet application-A pilot study. Res J Pharm Tech 11(9): 3943-6.

Scibora, L.M., Mead, T.P., Larson, C. 2018. The influence of ipads on course performance and student perceptions of learning in human anatomy. J Teach Learning Technol 7(1): 108-24.

Sharma, A., Swarup, K.S. 2017. Student engagement and its effect on student’s growth and performance being a consumer of educational institutions and facilitating holistic learning in India. Asian J Manag 8(3): 645-56.

Sharma,, R.K., Gulela, M.H. 2014. Problem based learning in nursing: A new approach of active learning. Int J Nurs Educ Res 2(1): 16-8.

Shaw, S.J. 2017. Locating difficult veins for venepuncture and cannulation. Nurs Stand 31(25): 62-71.

Thejeswar, E.P. 2015. Educational research-iPad system vs textbook system. Research J Pharm Technol 8(8): 1158-60.

van Loon, F.H.J., Buise, M.P., Claassen, J.J.F., Dierick-van Daele, A.T.M., Bouwman, A.R. A. 2018. Comparison of ultrasound guidance with palpation and direct visualisation for peripheral vein cannulation in adult patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth 121(2): 358-66.